Pre-print, Working paper: Indirect Exporters are de fined as firms exporting through a trade intermediary. Despite numerous recent appearances in theoretical work, empirical evidence comparing these firms to uniquely domestic fi rms and Direct Exporters does not exist. I show that in Eastern Europe these firms do, as predicted by the theoretical literature, lie between domestic firms and Direct Exporters for a range of performance measures. The "Direct Exporter premium" is the more robust finding, while certain ambiguity surrounding the productivity gap between Indirect Exporters and Domestic firms indicates that these two groups may not be as signi cantly di fferent.