• Senior Researcher
  • CNRS
Research themes
  • Demography and Household Economics
  • Demography and Migrations
  • Growth
  • Mathematical Economics
  • Pensions
  • Social protection
  • Wealth, income, redistribution and tax policy
Contact

Address :48 Boulevard Jourdan,
75014 Paris, France

Declaration of interest
See the declaration of interest

Tabs

Hippolyte d’Albis is a senior researcher at CNRS, currently on leave at the French Ministry of Finance. He is also professor at the Paris School of Economics, deputy-president of the Cercle des économistes, columnist at Les Echos, director of the French team of the National Transfer Accounts network, co-director of the French Regional Database, associate editor of the Journal of Demographic Economics and the Journal of the Economics of Ageing and member of the editorial advisory board of the Public Finance Review. A bio can be downloaded here: bio.docx

Hippolyte d’Albis est directeur de recherche au CNRS, détaché à l’Inspection générale des finances. Il est aussi professeur à l’École d’économie de Paris, vice-président du Cercle des économistes, chroniqueur aux Echos, directeur de l’équipe française du réseau des Comptes de transferts nationaux, codirecteur de la French Regional Database, éditeur associé du Journal of Demographic Economics et du Journal of the Economics of Ageing et membre du comité éditorial de Public Finance Review. Une biographie peut être téléchargée ici : bio.docx

Related paid activities

Publications HAL

  • Covid-19 and mobility: determinant or consequence? Journal article

    This paper disentangles the relationship between COVID-19 propagation and mobility. In a theoretical model allowing mobility to be endogenously determined by the COVID-19 prevalence rate, we show that an exogenous epidemic shock has an immediate effect on mobility whereas an exogenous mobility shock influences epidemic variables with a delay. In the long run, exogenous disease contagiousness and mobility jointly shape epidemiological outcomes. The short-run theoretical result allows us to recover, empirically, the causal impacts of mobility and COVID-19 hospitalisations on each other in France. We find that hospitalisations are highly sensitive to mobility whereas mobility is little influenced by hospitalisations. In France, it seems therefore that voluntary social distancing would not have been effective to control the epidemic, in the absence of social distancing mandates.

    Author: Dramane Coulibaly Journal: Economic Theory

    Published in

  • L’évolution démographique récente de la France : une position singulière dans l’Union européenne Journal article

    Au 1er janvier 2024, la France comptait 68,4 millions d’habitants, soit 230 000 de plus qu’au 1er janvier 2023. Le solde naturel a atteint un niveau historiquement bas depuis l’après-guerre et depuis 2018, et le solde migratoire est le principal moteur démographique du pays. Deuxième pays le plus peuplé de l’UE27 (15,2 % de la population), la France présente toutefois un accroissement légèrement inférieur à celui de la moyenne européenne et demeure un peu plus jeune que la moyenne de l’UE, mais vieillit plus rapidement. En 2022, les flux d’entrées de ressortissants de pays tiers ont augmenté et atteignent le niveau le plus élevé depuis 2000 (282 957 personnes). L’année 2022 est marquée par une augmentation conséquente de la part des flux pour raisons professionnelles (+ 4 points) et par une féminisation de ces derniers (+ 15 points). La France est le 5e pays de l’UE27 pour le flux migratoire, mais se trouve seulement en 21e position si l’on tient compte de la taille de la population. En 2023, la baisse historique du nombre de naissances est la conséquence de celle de la fécondité (1,67 enfant par femme), niveau le plus faible observé depuis l’après-guerre. La baisse concerne tous les groupes d’âges. Le profil de la fécondité par âge en France est proche de celui des pays d’Europe de l’Ouest et du Nord, et la proportion de naissances hors mariage y est la plus élevée d’Europe (65,2 %). En 2023, le nombre d’avortements augmente pour la deuxième année consécutive, et 8 avortements sur 10 sont désormais médicamenteux. Quand on rapporte ce chiffre au nombre de femmes de 15 à 49 ans, la France enregistre, avec la Suède, le taux de recours à l’avortement le plus élevé d’Europe, mais c’est aussi un des pays où la réglementation est la moins restrictive. Le nombre de mariages augmente très légèrement en 2023, tout comme celui des pacs en 2022 (année la plus récente disponible), mais le rattrapage post-Covid n’est que partiel. La part des pacs et des mariages entre personnes de même sexe reste relativement stable en 2023 et, avec un âge moyen au mariage qui continue d’augmenter, la France se rapproche des pays du Sud et de l’Ouest de l’Europe, où le mariage est moins précoce que dans les pays de l’Est. En baisse depuis 3 ans, le nombre de décès reste plus élevé que celui observé avant la pandémie (2019). En revanche, l’espérance de vie en 2023 est supérieure à celle de 2019, pour les hommes comme pour les femmes, même si le rebond en France est inférieur à celui observé dans d’autres pays d’Europe. Comparée aux autres pays européens, la mortalité française reste relativement basse aux âges plus élevés, mais le pays montre un retard important et croissant pour la mortalité infantile. L’écart de mortalité entre les hommes et les femmes est plus élevé que dans la moyenne européenne, même s’il continue de baisser. Le cancer est la première cause de mortalité en France, alors qu’il s’agit des maladies cardiovasculaires à l’échelle européenne.

    Author: Didier Breton, Justine Chaput Journal: Population (édition française)

    Published in

  • Recent Demographic Trends in France. Do Men and Women Behave Differently? Journal article

    On 1 January 2023, the population of France was 68 million, 200,000 more than on 1 January 2022. The number of births decreased in 2022 while deaths increased. Consequently, natural increase dipped to an all-time low, contributing less to population growth than net migration. France was among just six of the 27 European Union member countries with positive natural increase in 2022, but as net migration was quite low, its population growth was half that of the European Union as a whole. In 2021, admissions of third-country nationals requiring a residence permit were higher than in 2020, returning to the level recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the total fertility rate fell to 1.8 children per women, its lowest level in 20 years. That said, fertility should reach replacement level up to the 1992 birth cohort at least. Men have higher fertility than women, mainly because of births beyond age 50. The number of abortions increased between 2021 and 2022, and abortion rates were especially high at ages of peak fertility. The share of medical abortions and of abortions managed by a midwife continued to increase. The number of marriages increased in 2022, among different-sex couples especially, due partly to the catch-up of marriages that could not be celebrated in 2020 and 2021. The number of PACS civil unions fell, however, due to a decrease among different-sex couples, although PACS unions between same-sex couples reached a record high. The age difference between partners fell slightly, but still persists, between male same-sex partners especially. Despite a slowing of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of deaths remained high in 2022. Two flu epidemics and three heatwaves resulted in 45,800 excess deaths. Life expectancy at birth increased in 2022 for both sexes but did not return to its pre-pandemic level. France is still among the Western European countries with the highest gender gap in life expectancy (6 years), although it has been narrowing steadily since 1980.

    Author: Didier Breton, Justine Chaput Journal: Population (English edition)

    Published in

  • Vaccination under pessimistic expectations in clinical trials and immunization campaigns Journal article

    We provide one of the first formalizations of a vaccination campaign in a decisiontheoretic framework. We analyse a model where an ambiguity-averse individual must decide how much effort to invest into prevention in the context of a rampant disease. We study how ambiguity aversion affects the effort and the estimation of the vaccine efficacy in clinical trials and immunization campaigns. We find that the behaviours of individuals participating in a clinical trial differ from individuals not participating. Individuals who are more optimistic toward vaccination participate more in trials. Their behaviours and efforts are also affected. As a result, because vaccine efficacy depends on unobserved behaviours and efforts, the biological effect of the vaccine becomes difficult to evaluate. During the scale-up phase of a vaccination campaign, provided that vaccine efficacy is established, we show that vaccine hesitancy may still be rational.

    Author: Josselin Thuilliez Journal: Journal of Public Economic Theory

    Published in

  • The Employment of Older Workers Book section

    The participation of older workers in the labor market has increased in most high-income countries since the mid-1990s. This can be explained by changes in the characteristics of recent generations of older workers. The labor supply is healthier and better trained and includes more women. This can also be explained by reforms of retirement systems and of health and unemployment insurance systems, even if modifications may still be required to guarantee sustainability. In addition, recurring concerns about the productivity of older workers and their ability to adapt to technological change seem unfounded and likely to stem from prejudice against them. Finally, the promises associated with greater flexibility in working conditions have not, to date, led to a significant increase in the work of older individuals.

    Editor: Routledge

    Published in

  • COVID-19 and Mobility: Determinant or Consequence? Pre-print, Working paper

    This paper disentangles the relationship between COVID-19 propagation and mobility. In a theoretical model allowing mobility to be endogenously determined by the COVID-19 prevalence rate, we show that an exogenous epidemic shock has an immediate effect on mobility whereas an exogenous mobility shock influences epidemic variables with a delay. In the long run, exogenous disease contagiousness and mobility jointly shape epidemiological outcomes. The short-run theoretical result allows us to recover, empirically, the causal impacts of mobility and COVID-19 hospitalisations on each other in France. We find that hospitalisations are highly sensitive to mobility whereas mobility is little influenced by hospitalisations. In France, it seems therefore that voluntary social distancing would not have been effective to control the epidemic, in the absence of social distancing mandates.

    Author: Dramane Coulibaly

    Published in

  • Health accidents and wealth decline in old age Pre-print, Working paper

    This paper explores the impact of a health shock and changes in survival probability on the savings and portfolio choices of older individuals. Using a theoretical framework featuring a portfolio choice that incorporates imperfect annuity markets, we analyze how elderly individuals, whose survival probability has been altered by a health shock, allocate their resources. A difference-indifferences approach complements the theoretical approach by taking into account the effect of age and cohort, and controlling for selection bias related to health events at older ages. Our analysis utilizes a panel of 5570 observations from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2011 and 2017). Both theoretical and empirical findings converge, indicating that experiencing a health accident such as a stroke or heart attack leads to a decrease in safe savings. Consequently, investing in annuities becomes crucial in enabling individuals to mitigate the consequences of poor health in aging economies.

    Published in

  • Mortality inequalities in France since the 1920s: Evidence of a reversal of the income gradient in mortality Journal article

    Many recent studies show that Europe has had a lower mortality inequality for most ages than the United States over the last thirty years. However, the evolution of the income gradient in mortality all along the twentieth century remains poorly understood. This article uses a unique dataset that gives the annual lifetables and fiscal income for the 90 administrative regions of mainland France from 1922 to 2020. The income gradients in mortality are computed across regions using a traditional method with calendar ages and, alternatively, with mortality milestones to control for the increase in life expectancy over time. The study reveals a systematic reversal of the gradient that occurred around the 1970s for both sexes and all ages or mortality groups when calculated at an aggregated level. Inequality in mortality amongst the oldest age groups has however returned to a level observed at least ten years earlier because of Covid-19, even after controlling for mortality improvements over the period.

    Author: Josselin Thuilliez Journal: PLoS ONE

    Published in

  • L’évolution démographique récente de la France. Les comportements des femmes et des hommes sont-ils si différents ? Journal article

    En janvier 2023, la France comptait 68 millions d’habitants, soit 200 000 de plus qu’en janvier 2022. Les naissances ont diminué et les décès augmenté : le solde naturel baisse, atteignant un niveau historiquement faible et inférieur au solde migratoire. En 2022, la France fait partie des 6 pays européens parmi les 27 dont le solde naturel est positif, mais son solde migratoire est relativement faible : l’accroissement de la population française est deux fois moindre que celui de l’UE27. En 2021, les flux d’entrées de personnes venant de pays tiers avec un titre de séjour augmentent par rapport à 2020, pour retrouver leur niveau d’avant la crise sanitaire. En 2022, l’indice conjoncturel de fécondité diminue (1,8 enfant par femme) et atteint son niveau le plus bas depuis 20 ans. Toutefois, le renouvellement des générations nées jusqu’en 1992 semble assuré. La fécondité des hommes est plus forte que celle des femmes, principalement du fait des enfants nés après leur 50 ans. Le recours à l’avortement est en augmentation entre 2021 et 2022, et plus fréquent dans les groupes d’âges auxquels la fécondité est élevée. La part des IVG réalisées par la méthode médicamenteuse continue sa progression, tout comme celles pratiquées par les sages-femmes. En 2022, le rattrapage des mariages qui n’ont pas pu être célébrés en 2020 et 2021 se poursuit. Le nombre de mariages augmente ; en revanche, le nombre de pacs diminue dans les couples hétérosexuels. Cependant, le nombre de pacs augmente pour les couples de même sexe et n’a jamais été aussi élevé. L’écart d’âge entre les conjoints diminue légèrement, mais subsiste notamment pour les couples d’hommes. Le nombre de décès reste important en 2022 malgré une amélioration de la situation sanitaire : 2 épidémies de grippe et 3 épisodes caniculaires expliquent une surmortalité de 45 800 décès. L’espérance de vie à la naissance augmente en 2022 pour les hommes et pour les femmes, mais ne retrouve pas son niveau d’avant la pandémie. La France reste l’un des pays d’Europe de l’Ouest dont l’écart d’espérance de vie entre les hommes et les femmes est parmi les plus importants (6 ans), même si cet écart diminue constamment depuis 1980.

    Author: Didier Breton, Justine Chaput Journal: Population (édition française)

    Published in

  • Recent Demographic Trends in France Ongoing Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic at Both Regional and National Levels Journal article

    On 1 January 2022, the population of France was 67.8 million, 187,000 more than on 1 January 2021. Numbers of births, abortions, and marriages in 2021 were higher than in 2020 but did not return to the levels observed before the COVID-19 pandemic (2019). Mortality followed a similar pattern, with an improvement in 2021, but not a return to pre-crisis levels. In 2021, France was one of nine countries in EU-27 with positive natural population increase, although net migration made a larger contribution to demographic growth. The French population is still growing, therefore, but more slowly than before the pandemic. In 2020, admissions of third-country nationals with a residence permit fell sharply due to the health crisis. Admissions for employment reasons decreased most markedly. Inflows were concentrated in the Paris region (Île-de-France). In 2021, the total fertility rate increased very slightly (1.83 children per woman) due mainly to an increase in rates at ages 30–39, with an age profile that varies across regions. The number of abortions remained stable between 2020 and 2021, but the share of medical abortions is increasing each year (77% in 2021), above all those managed in non-hospital settings. There are large geographical disparities, however, due to inequalities in care provision at local level. The upturn in marriages in 2021 only partially made up for those that could not be celebrated in 2020. PACS unions outnumbered marriages for the first time in 2020. Marriages are more frequent in eastern France, and PACS civil unions along the Atlantic coast and in the south-west. While lower than in 2020, the number of deaths remained high in 2021. Life expectancy in 2021 was still 4.6 months lower than in 2019 for men, and 1.4 months lower for women. Estimated excess mortality was 6.3% in 2021, after reaching 7.5% in 2020. The most affected regions are not necessarily those where mortality was initially high.

    Author: Didier Breton Journal: Population (édition française)

    Published in